This project aims to foster action and policy-driven outcomes, alongside engaging dialogues with key stakeholders in the Nordic-Baltic region to bolster the dissemination of research-based knowledge, facilitate the exchange of experiences, and encourage mutual learning within and beyond the confines of Nordic borders.
Findings from this endeavor will contribute to Nordic discussions on formulating precise and knowledge-driven strategies for the prevention and detection of work-related crime. These strategies will prioritize safeguarding a healthy work environment and minimizing occupational risks.
The research team comprises distinguished scholars from universities and research institutes across Finland, Norway, and Sweden, with input from a reference group of practitioners and experts representing Denmark, Iceland, Åland, and the three Baltic states.
Findings from this endeavor will contribute to Nordic discussions on formulating precise and knowledge-driven strategies for the prevention and detection of work-related crime. These strategies will prioritize safeguarding a healthy work environment and minimizing occupational risks.
The research team comprises distinguished scholars from universities and research institutes across Finland, Norway, and Sweden, with input from a reference group of practitioners and experts representing Denmark, Iceland, Åland, and the three Baltic states.
Webinar "Integrative approaches to labour exploitation and work-related crime in the Nordic context"
You can download the slides of the presentation here.
Extra materials
Useful sources for statistics on human trafficking
The Counter Trafficking Data Collaborative (CTDC): global data hub on human trafficking
Eurostat
GRETA – the Group of Experts on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings
UNODC - Human Trafficking and Migrant Smuggling Section
US Trafficking in Persons Report
Ihmiskauppa.fi - focal website in bringing together information about human trafficking and anti-trafficking activities in Finland
Eurostat
GRETA – the Group of Experts on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings
UNODC - Human Trafficking and Migrant Smuggling Section
US Trafficking in Persons Report
Ihmiskauppa.fi - focal website in bringing together information about human trafficking and anti-trafficking activities in Finland
Modus operandi: Human Trafficking for Labour Exploitation by Anniina Jokinen, HEUNI
Human Trafficking in the criminal justice system: investigative interviews & psychological control
Abusive recruitment is one of the key risk factors for labour exploitation and trafficking. This includes collecting excessive or made-up fees for securing the job, for travel documents and "service costs" etc. As a result, the worker may become indebted and more vulnerable to further exploitation.
A common tactic used by traffickers to exploit vulnerable workers by posting them to work in a different country or region, where they may face precarious employment conditions, inadequate pay, and lack of social protection.
Forced bogus self-employment refers to a situation where the conditions of work resemble an employment relationship but the worker is self-employed on paper and responsible for the risks and obligations related to self-employment, while the employer is able to cut costs. These types of arrangements have become more common of late in the context of labour exploitation also in Finland, Estonia and Latvia.
Traffickers frequently target marginalized communities, such as migrants, women, children, and individuals living in poverty, to exploit them for labor or sexual exploitation.
The policy brief below summarises the main findings of the report "Patterns of exploitation – human trafficking trends and modus operandi in Finland, Latvia, Estonia, Poland and Ukraine" edited by Anna-Greta Pekkarinen and Anniina Jokinen.
Further reading
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Under the Spotlight:
Unveiling Human Trafficking with Investigation Tools -
Into the Shadows:
Understanding Human Traffickers' Business Strategies
Financing of Organised Crime: Human Trafficking in Focus, CSD, 2018
Shady business. Uncovering the business model of labour exploitation, HEUNI, 2019
Human trafficking and the economic/business sectors susceptible to be involved in the demand and supply chain of products and services resulting from victims' exploitation, CSD, 2019
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The Grand Canvas:
Embracing the Big Picture of Human Trafficking
Exploitation of migrant workers in Finland, Sweden, Estonia and Lithuania: Uncovering the links between recruitment, irregular employment practices and labour trafficking, HEUNI, 2013
From Forced Flexibility to Forced Labour: The Exploitation of Migrant Workers in Finland, HEUNI, 2016
Restricted agency, control and exploitation - Understanding the agency of trafficked persons in the 21st-century Finland, HEUNI, 2019
Human Trafficking Baltic Sea Region Round-Up Report, CBSS, 2022
Review of actions against labour trafficking in Finland, HEUNI, 2023
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Pathways to Reintegration:
Victim Support and Employment
Compendium of good practices in addressing trafficking in human beings for the purpose of labour exploitation, GRETA, 2020
From Exploitation to Fair Employment. Report on the organisation of employment services to victims of trafficking in Finland, HEUNI, 2022
Handbook for embassies and diplomatic missions on how to assist and protect victims of human trafficking, CBSS, 2023
In the kingdom of the blind, the one-eyed is king: preventing labour exploitation in Finland
Anniina Jokinen, Senior Programme Officer, HEUNI, Katja-Pia Jenu, Occupational health and safety inspector, Regional State Administrative Agency and Pekka Hätönen, Detective Senior Superintendent, National Investigation Lead on Trafficking in Human Beings, Helsinki Police Department
CCPCJ30 Side event
The route to a successful investigation of labour exploitation and trafficking
The route to a successful investigation of labour exploitation and trafficking
Session is focusing on showcasing our recent work to prevent labour exploitation, in particular the collaboration between labour inspectors and the police. Speakers from Finland, Norway and the UNODC presenting their experiences and good practice.